VLDL Cholesterol Cal: VLDL stands for Very Low-Density Lipoprotein, sometimes called one of the “bad” cholesterols. Its main job is to carry triglycerides (fats) in your blood. Higher VLDL levels can mean there are more fats circulating, which may increase the risk of plaque buildup in your arteries over time. Lower VLDL levels are generally better for heart and blood vessel health.